打溜子（Da Liuzi）
打溜子是土家族地區流傳最廣的一種古老的民間器樂合奏。是土家族逢年過節、婚娶祝壽、豐收遷居等喜慶節日活動中經常演奏的民間器 樂合奏形式。它歷史悠久，曲牌繁多，技藝精湛，表現力豐富，是土家族獨有的藝術形式。由溜子鑼、頭鈸、二鈸、馬鑼組成的打溜子樂隊，能將各類樂器的技巧融于一體，并充分發揮每件樂器的演奏技藝。一般多由3至4人合奏演出，故有“三人溜子”、“四人溜子”之分。“五人溜子”是后引進漢族吹管樂器嗩吶而成，將吹打結合，更能增添喜慶、歡樂的氣氛。
2019年11月，《國家級非物質文化遺產代表性項目保護單位名單》公布，鶴峰縣文化館（鶴峰縣非物質文化遺產保護中心）、五峰土家族自治縣文化館、湘西土家族苗族自治州非物質文化遺產保護中心獲得土家族打溜子項目保護單位資格。
Daliuzi is an ancient folk instrumental ensemble which is widely
spread in Tujia area. It is a folk instrumental ensemble form that Tujia people
often play in festive activities such as festivals, weddings, birthdays, bumper
harvests and relocation. It has a long history, numerous tunes,
exquisite skills and rich expressive force. It is a unique artistic form of
Tujia. A band composed of Liuzi Luo, Tou cymbals, Er cymbals and Ma Luo
can integrate the skills of various musical instruments and give full play to
the performance skills of each instrument. Generally, it is performed by
3 to 4 people in an ensemble, so it can be divided into "three-person Liuzi
" and "four-person Liuzi ". "Five-person Liuzi" is the
result of the introduction of the Han wind instrument Suona, which combines
wind and percussion to add a festive and joyful atmosphere.
In November 2019, the List of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative Projects Protection Units was published, and Hefeng County Cultural Center (Hefeng County Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center), Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County Cultural Center and Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center were qualified as Tujia Daliuzi Project Protection Units.
4、馬鑼（Ma Luo）
銅制，外形如盤，鑼面平坦，鑼壁較厚，鑼身鏇光。鑼面直徑12厘米至18厘米、鑼邊寬2厘米至3厘米。鑼邊一側鉆孔系繩。鑼棰木棒制成，長15厘米，頭大尾小，棰頭不包綢布。
演奏時，左手提鑼繩，右手執鑼棰擊奏，或左手平托鑼面，右手執棰敲擊鑼背，發音清脆，音色高亢、尖銳。全用掩音奏法，即擊后讓音響立即休止。馬鑼在合奏中屬于高音樂器，并居于指揮和領奏地位。
Made of copper, the shape is like a disk, the gong surface is flat,
the gong wall is thick, and the gong body is optically active. The diameter of
the gong face is 12cm to 18cm, and the width of the gong edge is 2cm to 3cm.
Drill a rope on one side of the gong. It is made of gong pestle sticks, 15cm
long, with a big head and a small tail, and the pestle head is not covered with
silk.
When playing, the left hand holds the gong rope, the right hand holds the gong pestle for percussion, or the left hand holds the gong face flat, and the right hand holds the pestle for percussion on the back of the gong, with crisp pronunciation and high-pitched and sharp timbre. When playing, you should play by masking the sound, that let the sound stop immediately after hitting. Gong is a high-pitched instrument in ensemble, and plays a leading and commanding role.
銅制，外形如盤，鑼面平坦，鑼壁較厚，鑼身不鏇光留有錘鍛痕跡。鑼面直徑33厘米左右、鑼邊寬3.5厘米至4厘米，鑼邊一側鉆孔系繩。鑼棰木棒制成，長20厘米，頭大尾小，棰頭不包綢布。
演奏時，左手提鑼繩，右手執鑼棰敲擊鑼面中心，發音洪亮，音色圓潤。奏法較多。是器樂合奏中的低音樂器，常用以奏出樂曲的骨干節拍、段落和結尾，經常與鉤鑼交錯配合演奏。
Made of copper, the shape is like a disk, the gong surface is flat,
the gong wall is thick, and the gong body is not polished, leaving hammer
forging marks. The diameter of the gong surface is about 33 cm, the width of
the gong edge is 3.5 cm to 4 cm, and the rope is drilled on one side of the gong
edge. It is made of gong pestle sticks, 20cm long, with a big head and a small
tail, and the pestle head is not covered with silk.
When playing, the left hand holds the gong rope, and the right hand holds the gong pestle and hits the center of the gong surface. The pronunciation is loud and the timbre is round. There are many ways to play. It is a bass instrument in instrumental ensemble. It is often used to play the key beat of music, paragraph and ending, and it is often played with Ma Luo.
3、二鈸（Er Bo）
2、頭鈸（Tou Bo）
銅制，鈸面比頭鈸更寬而厚，鈸面直徑30厘米、碗徑15厘米、碗高5厘米， 碗頂鉆孔系以綢布。
演奏時，兩手各執一面，互擊而發音。音色渾厚低沉。二鈸有等多種奏法，演奏技巧難度較大，藝術風格獨特，是器樂合奏中的低音樂器，多在弱拍擊奏。它常與頭鈸在節奏上交錯配合，造成節奏多變、音響豐富的效果。
Made of copper, the cymbal surface is wider and thicker than the
first cymbal. The diameter of the cymbal surface is 30cm, the diameter of the
bowl is 15cm, and the height of the bowl is 5cm. The top of the bowl is drilled
with silk cloth.
When playing, both hands hold one side and strike each other to pronounce. The timbre is thick and low. The second cymbal is a bass instrument in instrumental ensembles, with many playing methods, difficult playing skills and unique artistic style, and it is mostly played in weak beat. It is often interlaced with the cymbals in rhythm, resulting in changeable rhythm and rich sound.
響銅制成，鈸面較寬而厚，面徑20厘米～25厘米、碗徑10厘米～12.5 厘米，碗高3厘米～4厘米，碗頂鉆孔系以綢布。
演奏時，兩手各執一面鈸，互擊而發音。音色清脆明亮。演奏方法有悶打、亮打和側打等多種：
悶打即悶鈸，擊奏時兩手掌緊貼鈸體，兩鈸后端一側邊緣不分開，便于演奏曲牌中的快速樂段；
亮打即松鈸，手掌放松，擊后兩鈸分開，使音響自然延續，音色響亮，常與悶打造成強烈對比；
側打即交擊，以一鈸的鈸邊直立，與另一鈸的中心相擊，發音短促。頭鈸是器樂合奏中的高音樂器，多在強拍擊奏。它常與二鈸在節奏上交錯配合，變化無窮。
Made of copper, the cymbal surface is wide and thick, with a surface
diameter of 20cm-25cm, a bowl diameter of 10cm-12.5cm, and a bowl height of 3cm-4cm.
The top of the bowl is drilled with silk cloth.
When playing, each hand holds a cymbal and strikes each other to
pronounce. The sound is crisp and bright. There are many kinds of playing
methods, such as stuffy playing, bright playing and side playing：
Closed timbre:When playing, two palms are close to the cymbals, and
one side edge of the back end of the two cymbals is not separated, which is
convenient for playing fast music segments;
Open timbre: Relax your palms, and separate the two cymbals after
hitting, so that the sound will continue naturally and the timbre will be loud,
which is often in strong contrast with muffled beating;
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